For your author, please provide biographical information, themes explored in their writing, causes they advocated for, and an excerpt of their work. Also, include an image, if possible. Don't forget to cite your sources!
Ralph Emerson was born in a family with a Unitarian father who died when he was eight. Ralph Emerson was in the middle of the transcendentalist movement when he published a book called Nature in 1839. According to Ann Woodlief from the Smithsonian Magazine, Emerson had a renaissance voice since his age was between the New England faith and the rise of American political power. He also became interested in Hindu theology, but he did not completely leave his religion, which was Unitarian. “To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars.” This is an excerpt from Emerson’s first essay Nature. It was about the theology of living in physical being to spiritual being and how nature embodies intelligence.
Emerson explored theology of evolution and built off of the idea given by Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species. He also takes on the idea of the connection between human and divine.
Born in Michigan on April 23 1848. He was a Unitarian minister, writer, editor, and lecturer. He did go to college but never got a degree, instead he travelled the country to unitarian churches. during 1900 he went to become a full time lecturer at random schools. married Lucy, and had two daughters Florence and Marian. He wrote many many many books. about 20... One famous quote he had is: "the 'kingdom of God' will become a republic of man, the 'Lord' of the church will become the brother of the poor, and the church itself will become a brotherhood of those who desire to live as helpers of their kind." Cooke wanted social reform mostly economic reform, he wanted "collectivism." http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/Heralds/images/11_George_Ripley.jpg THAR IS A PICTURE http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/georgewilliscooke.html WORK TYLER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Sarah Margaret Fuller, better known as Margaret Fuller was given an intense education by her father. She continued her education into early adulthood until her father died and she was given the task of teaching her younger siblings. After this she became a teacher for a short period of time before focusing on her writing. She started holding conversations for women, which had were very successful for 5 years. She was a close friend of Emerson and served as editor from 1840-1842 of The Dial, a philosophical journal. The Dial published her work of The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men, Woman versus Women which was largely about women’s equality to men. She writes, “Man has, now and then, enjoyed a clear, triumphant hour, when some irresistible conviction warmed and purified the atmosphere of his planet. But, presently, he sought repose after his labors, when the crowd of pigmy adversaries bound him in his sleep.” After traveling to Europe and writing Summer on the Lakes, a book reviewing the art in Europe, she was asked to be the review editor of the New York Tribune. Unfortunately Fuller met an unfortunate death when the ship she was on drowned on her return trip home from Europe. Margaret Fuller remains one of the truly great transcendentalists of history. http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/fuller/
James Freeman Clarke 1810-1888 http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap4/clarke.gif James Freeman Clarke went to Harvard Divinity School and graduated in 1832 and became a Unitarian minister, then moved to Louisville, Kentucky (http: //www.alcott.net/alcott/home/champions/Clarke.html?index=0). Freeman wrote 32 books, 50 sermons and essays, and had 25 more publications (http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap4/clarke.html). “A politician thinks of the next election. A statesman, of the next generation.” “The atheist has no hope.” “See to do good, and you will find that happiness will run after you.” - All James Freeman Clarke Clarke seemed to believe that helping others would make you happy. He also said that religion is very important, but which religion was not as important. Clarke believed that people should be confidant, and that was what made greatness.
Born 1813, Died 1892 Graduated from Harvard 1835 Wrote children books that were also illustrated by the author.
THOUGHT is deeper than all speech, Feeling deeper than all thought; Souls to souls can never teach What unto themselves was taught. -Exert from "Enosis" by Christopher Cranch
Henry David Thoreau often looked into nature to find the ultimate truth. He lived his life this way and it reflects in his writing. He read Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson and he couldn’t get the ideas out of his curious and explorative head. His brother cut himself while shaving and died of lockjaw when he was 25 and traumatized Henry. He went to a cabin built by Emerson to write his first book. While writing, he read a lot and he explored nature constantly. He wrote a book as a memorial for his brother called A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers. He also wrote a book called Walden. His tone in Walden is constantly mistaken for crankiness. However, he found much more joy in daily life than many others, close friends claimed. He opposed the war against Mexico to wage slavery and slavery in general as demonstrated in his works Slavery in Massachusetts and Resistance to Civil Government. He died at an early age of 44 from tuberculosis, but his memory lives on through his writing themes. He is remembered for his strong connection to nature and his passive resistance to repression of people because of their color. Woodlief, Ann. “Henry David Thoreau, Biography”. American Transcendentalism Web. http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/thoreau/
“I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.” -Henry David Thoreau
Louisa May Alcott was born in 1832 in Pennsylvania, but grew up in Boston, Massachusetts. The second of four daughters, she was the daughter of Bronson Alcott, a transcendentalist teacher and philosopher. A self-described tom-boy, she swore to “do something by and by” and to “be rich and famous and happy.” She took any job she could get, working as a teacher, seamstress, governess, or servant. At the age of 22, in 1854, she published her first book, Flower Fables. She wrote her most famous novel, Little Women, in 1868. When she died in 1888, she had written more than 30 short story collections and novels.
"Christmas won't be Christmas without any presents,"grumbled Jo, lying on the rug. "It's so dreadful to be poor!"sighed Meg, looking down at her old dress. "I don't think it's fair for some girls to have lots of pretty things, and other girls nothing at all," added little Amy, with an injured sniff. "We've got father and mother, and each other, anyhow,"said Beth, contentedly, from her corner. The four young faces on which the firelight shone brightened at the cheerful words, but darkened again as Jo said sadly, "We haven't got father, and shall not have him for a long time." She didn't say "perhaps never,"but each silently added it, thinking of father far away, where the fighting was.
Many of Alcott’s works had heroines as main characters. Her heroines acted out of their own personality. Her female characters were real people instead of stereotypes.
Alcott was a fervent abolitionist. She volunteered as a nurse for the Union in the Civil War. She included themes from the civil war in some of her works.
Amos Bronson Alcott http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Bronson_Alcott Amos Alcott was born in 1799 in Connecticut. His family was uneducated, but he taught himself to read using charcoal. He tried selling goods on a trip around the South, but only succeeded in getting into debt. He later turned to teaching, which garnered a little more success for him. However, parents of his students did not approve of his nontraditional methods, so many of his schools were forced to close. Most of his methods are used today. Without work and in debt, Alcott joined Emerson in Boston, where he wrote for The Dial and where his two daughters were educated by John and Henry Thoreau. He then joined a commune with a number of other transcendentalists, which eventually failed in 1844. He spent the rest of his life in Concord, where he wrote another book, and died in 1888.
Alcott was notorious for being vague and unsure of what exactly he was trying to say, when he was trying to say anything, in which case his prose was almost impenetrably confusing. One example is this excerpt from his infamous "Orphic Sayings" which appeared regularly in The Dial: Nature is quick with spirit. In eternal systole and diastole, the living tides course gladly along, incarnating organ and vessel in their mystic flow. Let her pulsations for a moment pause on their errands, and creation's self ebbs instantly into chaos and invisibility again. The visible world is the extremist wave of that spiritual flood, whose flux is life, whose reflux death, efflux thought, and conflux light. Organization is the confine of incarnation,—body the atomy of God.
(http://www.americanunitarian.org/channing.htm) Some important information people should know about Reverend William Ellery Channing is that he was a minister at Federal Street Church in Boston, Massachusetts for 39 years (1803-1842) and served as a spokesperson for Unitarian Churches. He is said to have “effectively foster social reform in areas of free speech, education, peace, relief for the poor, and anti-slavery. Emerson himself has calld Channing "a kind of public Conscience". He entered Harvard at the age of 15, where he studied the works of different philosphers and doctrines. He became licensed to preach in 1802 and not long after was ordained at the Federal Street Church. While at the Church he has delivered many sermons that have that helped explain the use of religion. He said in the sermon called Unitarian Christianity, "If reason be so dreadfully darkened by the fall, that its most decisive judgments on religion are unworthy of trust, then Christianity, and even natural theology must be abandoned; for the existence and veracity of God, and the divine original of Christianity, are conclusions of reason, and must stand or fall with it." Some themes exlpored throughout his sermons include the reason for religion, the need for spiritual awakening in a free market, how slavery was injustice and cruel. (http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/williamellerychanning.html) -Lexi
Theodore Parker was born in Lexington Massachusetts. He came from a Yankee background, and was the youngest child in a big family. He was introduced to Unitarianism in 1830 joined the Transcendental club in 1836. Parker believed Transcendentalism was mainly about the religious ideas, and that the movement shouldn’t shy away from that. He was a Unitarian minister, abolitionist, and social reformer and he also fought for women’s rights. He denied the traditional interpretations of the bible, and he even denied the authority of Jesus, which drew a lot of criticism. He believed in God, but encouraged people to not look to the bible and church for guidance, but to themselves and their connection with their faith. He retired in 1859, and later died in 1860. “There are two things requisite for complete and perfect religion,--the love of God and the love of man.” Excerpt from The Ten Sermons of Religion
Lydia Maria Child was born in February 11, 1802 in Medford, Massachusetts. She was a student of world religions and was also very interested in it, was against slavery, was so against it she joined the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society and was a famous abolitionist. She wrote her first book in 1824 and it was called Hobomok: A Tale of Early Times. She became the editor of The Juvenile Miscellany, one of the first children’s magazines. Then she continued her writing, writing different series with several volumes in each about women’s rights and other topics along the lines of that. She died on the 20th of October in the year 1880.
Once graduated from college and returned to his home in Virginia his stance as abolitionist began to isolate him from his friends and family. In order to escape this, he moved to Ohio,bringing some of his families slaves with him in order to move them safely through the slave states. Once there, he met his wife, a feminist and abolitionist, and subsequently had four sons. As he brought his new wife to meet his family, she broke southern culture by hugging and kissing a slave. He didn't reconcile with his family till his death bed. He began to preach, until his son died, when he abandoned God, and took up another philosophy that embraced reason, called Freethought. Several of his works are about demonology, the devil, idol worship, and various biographies and short stories. Tommy
14 comments:
POSTING FORMAT
Author name
Image (if possible)
Bio Information
Excerpt of their work
Themes explored
Your first name
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
Ralph Emerson was born in a family with a Unitarian father who died when he was eight. Ralph Emerson was in the middle of the transcendentalist movement when he published a book called Nature in 1839. According to Ann Woodlief from the Smithsonian Magazine, Emerson had a renaissance voice since his age was between the New England faith and the rise of American political power. He also became interested in Hindu theology, but he did not completely leave his religion, which was Unitarian. “To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars.” This is an excerpt from Emerson’s first essay Nature. It was about the theology of living in physical being to spiritual being and how nature embodies intelligence.
Emerson explored theology of evolution and built off of the idea given by Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species. He also takes on the idea of the connection between human and divine.
-Lily
George Willis Cooke
Born in Michigan on April 23 1848. He was a Unitarian minister, writer, editor, and lecturer. He did go to college but never got a degree, instead he travelled the country to unitarian churches. during 1900 he went to become a full time lecturer at random schools. married Lucy, and had two daughters Florence and Marian. He wrote many many many books. about 20... One famous quote he had is: "the 'kingdom of God' will become a republic of man, the 'Lord' of the church will become the brother of the poor, and the church itself will become a brotherhood of those who desire to live as helpers of their kind." Cooke wanted social reform mostly economic reform, he wanted "collectivism." http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/Heralds/images/11_George_Ripley.jpg THAR IS A PICTURE
http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/georgewilliscooke.html
WORK
TYLER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Sarah Margaret Fuller, better known as Margaret Fuller was given an intense education by her father. She continued her education into early adulthood until her father died and she was given the task of teaching her younger siblings. After this she became a teacher for a short period of time before focusing on her writing. She started holding conversations for women, which had were very successful for 5 years. She was a close friend of Emerson and served as editor from 1840-1842 of The Dial, a philosophical journal. The Dial published her work of The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men, Woman versus Women which was largely about women’s equality to men. She writes, “Man has, now and then, enjoyed a clear, triumphant hour, when some irresistible conviction warmed and purified the atmosphere of his planet. But, presently, he sought repose after his labors, when the crowd of pigmy adversaries bound him in his sleep.” After traveling to Europe and writing Summer on the Lakes, a book reviewing the art in Europe, she was asked to be the review editor of the New York Tribune. Unfortunately Fuller met an unfortunate death when the ship she was on drowned on her return trip home from Europe. Margaret Fuller remains one of the truly great transcendentalists of history.
http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/fuller/
Matthew
James Freeman Clarke
1810-1888
http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap4/clarke.gif
James Freeman Clarke went to Harvard Divinity School and graduated in 1832 and became a Unitarian minister, then moved to Louisville, Kentucky (http: //www.alcott.net/alcott/home/champions/Clarke.html?index=0). Freeman wrote 32 books, 50 sermons and essays, and had 25 more publications (http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap4/clarke.html).
“A politician thinks of the next election. A statesman, of the next generation.”
“The atheist has no hope.”
“See to do good, and you will find that happiness will run after you.”
- All James Freeman Clarke
Clarke seemed to believe that helping others would make you happy. He also said that religion is very important, but which religion was not as important. Clarke believed that people should be confidant, and that was what made greatness.
Danny
Christopher Pearse Cranch
http://tinyurl.com/35g8wht
Born 1813, Died 1892
Graduated from Harvard 1835
Wrote children books that were also illustrated by the author.
THOUGHT is deeper than all speech,
Feeling deeper than all thought;
Souls to souls can never teach
What unto themselves was taught.
-Exert from "Enosis" by Christopher Cranch
http://www.poetry-archive.com/c/cranch_christopher.html
Themes: The coming together of minds, Nature, Seasons,Locomotives.
Meriwether Peterson
Henry David Thoreau often looked into nature to find the ultimate truth. He lived his life this way and it reflects in his writing. He read Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson and he couldn’t get the ideas out of his curious and explorative head. His brother cut himself while shaving and died of lockjaw when he was 25 and traumatized Henry. He went to a cabin built by Emerson to write his first book. While writing, he read a lot and he explored nature constantly. He wrote a book as a memorial for his brother called A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers. He also wrote a book called Walden. His tone in Walden is constantly mistaken for crankiness. However, he found much more joy in daily life than many others, close friends claimed. He opposed the war against Mexico to wage slavery and slavery in general as demonstrated in his works Slavery in Massachusetts and Resistance to Civil Government. He died at an early age of 44 from tuberculosis, but his memory lives on through his writing themes. He is remembered for his strong connection to nature and his passive resistance to repression of people because of their color.
Woodlief, Ann. “Henry David Thoreau, Biography”. American Transcendentalism Web. http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/thoreau/
“I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.”
-Henry David Thoreau
LAURA G
Louisa May Alcott
Louisa May Alcott was born in 1832 in Pennsylvania, but grew up in Boston, Massachusetts. The second of four daughters, she was the daughter of Bronson Alcott, a transcendentalist teacher and philosopher. A self-described tom-boy, she swore to “do something by and by” and to “be rich and famous and happy.” She took any job she could get, working as a teacher, seamstress, governess, or servant. At the age of 22, in 1854, she published her first book, Flower Fables. She wrote her most famous novel, Little Women, in 1868. When she died in 1888, she had written more than 30 short story collections and novels.
"Christmas won't be Christmas without any presents,"grumbled Jo, lying on the rug.
"It's so dreadful to be poor!"sighed Meg, looking down at her old dress.
"I don't think it's fair for some girls to have lots of pretty things, and other girls nothing at all," added little Amy, with an injured sniff.
"We've got father and mother, and each other, anyhow,"said Beth, contentedly, from her corner.
The four young faces on which the firelight shone brightened at the cheerful words, but darkened again as Jo said sadly,
"We haven't got father, and shall not have him for a long time." She didn't say "perhaps never,"but each silently added it, thinking of father far away, where the fighting was.
Many of Alcott’s works had heroines as main characters. Her heroines acted out of their own personality. Her female characters were real people instead of stereotypes.
Alcott was a fervent abolitionist. She volunteered as a nurse for the Union in the Civil War. She included themes from the civil war in some of her works.
Citations for Louisa May Alcott --
http://www.louisamayalcott.org/louisamaytext.html
http://www.randomhouse.com/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780375756726&view=excerpt
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/lmalcott.htm
Amos Bronson Alcott
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Bronson_Alcott
Amos Alcott was born in 1799 in Connecticut. His family was uneducated, but he taught himself to read using charcoal. He tried selling goods on a trip around the South, but only succeeded in getting into debt. He later turned to teaching, which garnered a little more success for him. However, parents of his students did not approve of his nontraditional methods, so many of his schools were forced to close. Most of his methods are used today. Without work and in debt, Alcott joined Emerson in Boston, where he wrote for The Dial and where his two daughters were educated by John and Henry Thoreau. He then joined a commune with a number of other transcendentalists, which eventually failed in 1844. He spent the rest of his life in Concord, where he wrote another book, and died in 1888.
Alcott was notorious for being vague and unsure of what exactly he was trying to say, when he was trying to say anything, in which case his prose was almost impenetrably confusing. One example is this excerpt from his infamous "Orphic Sayings" which appeared regularly in The Dial: Nature is quick with spirit. In eternal systole and diastole, the living tides course gladly along, incarnating organ and vessel in their mystic flow. Let her pulsations for a moment pause on their errands, and creation's self ebbs instantly into chaos and invisibility again. The visible world is the extremist wave of that spiritual flood, whose flux is life, whose reflux death, efflux thought, and conflux light. Organization is the confine of incarnation,—body the atomy of God.
Andy the Marvelous
Reverend William Ellery Channing
(http://www.americanunitarian.org/channing.htm)
Some important information people should know about Reverend William Ellery Channing is that he was a minister at Federal Street Church in Boston, Massachusetts for 39 years (1803-1842) and served as a spokesperson for Unitarian Churches. He is said to have “effectively foster social reform in areas of free speech, education, peace, relief for the poor, and anti-slavery. Emerson himself has calld Channing "a kind of public Conscience". He entered Harvard at the age of 15, where he studied the works of different philosphers and doctrines. He became licensed to preach in 1802 and not long after was ordained at the Federal Street Church.
While at the Church he has delivered many sermons that have that helped explain the use of religion. He said in the sermon called Unitarian Christianity, "If reason be so dreadfully darkened by the fall, that its most decisive judgments on religion are unworthy of trust, then Christianity, and even natural theology must be abandoned; for the existence and veracity of God, and the divine original of Christianity, are conclusions of reason, and must stand or fall with it."
Some themes exlpored throughout his sermons include the reason for religion, the need for spiritual awakening in a free market, how slavery was injustice and cruel.
(http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/williamellerychanning.html)
-Lexi
Theodore Parker
Theodore Parker was born in Lexington Massachusetts. He came from a Yankee background, and was the youngest child in a big family. He was introduced to Unitarianism in 1830 joined the Transcendental club in 1836. Parker believed Transcendentalism was mainly about the religious ideas, and that the movement shouldn’t shy away from that. He was a Unitarian minister, abolitionist, and social reformer and he also fought for women’s rights. He denied the traditional interpretations of the bible, and he even denied the authority of Jesus, which drew a lot of criticism. He believed in God, but encouraged people to not look to the bible and church for guidance, but to themselves and their connection with their faith. He retired in 1859, and later died in 1860.
“There are two things requisite for complete and perfect religion,--the love of God and the love of man.” Excerpt from The Ten Sermons of Religion
-Ellie
Lydia Maria Child was born in February 11, 1802 in Medford, Massachusetts. She was a student of world religions and was also very interested in it, was against slavery, was so against it she joined the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society and was a famous abolitionist. She wrote her first book in 1824 and it was called Hobomok: A Tale of Early Times. She became the editor of The Juvenile Miscellany, one of the first children’s magazines. Then she continued her writing, writing different series with several volumes in each about women’s rights and other topics along the lines of that. She died on the 20th of October in the year 1880.
http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/lydiamariachild.html
Lauren
Moncure Daniel Conway
http://blindflaneur.com/ (Scroll down a ways)
Once graduated from college and returned to his home in Virginia his stance as abolitionist began to isolate him from his friends and family. In order to escape this, he moved to Ohio,bringing some of his families slaves with him in order to move them safely through the slave states.
Once there, he met his wife, a feminist and abolitionist, and subsequently had four sons. As he brought his new wife to meet his family, she broke southern culture by hugging and kissing a slave. He didn't reconcile with his family till his death bed.
He began to preach, until his son died, when he abandoned God, and took up another philosophy that embraced reason, called Freethought.
Several of his works are about demonology, the devil, idol worship, and various biographies and short stories.
Tommy
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